CONCEPT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

By: Andi Agus Mumang, S.KM

Based on "An Epidemiological Model for Health Policy Analysis" by G.E. Alan Dever, in his book "Social Indicators Research 2" 1976 page 455. Explain that:

Concept “Epidemiological models used in the analysis of health policy” consists of:

Human Biology

• Maturation and Aging
• Complex internal systems
• Genetic inheritance

Environment

• Physical environment
• Social environment
• Psychological environment

Lifestyle

• Employment Participation and Occupational Risk
• Consumption pattern
• Leisure activity risks

System Health Care Organizations

• Preventive
• Curative
• Restorative

Some epidemiological concepts are:

Concept  “Health Field Concept” by Lalonde (1974) :

• Environment
• Life style
• Biology
• Health care delivery system

Concept “Achieving Health for All” by Epp 1986 :

Aim

Health Challanges :

• Reduction inequalitie
• Increasing prevention
• Enchanging copin

Health Promotion mechanisms

• Self Care
• Mutual Aid
• Healthy Environments

Implementation Strategis

• Fostering public participations
• Strengthening community health services
• Coordinating healthy public policy

Concept “Determinants of Health Model” by Evvan and Stoddart (1990) :

• Individual response include behaviour and Biology
• Social environment
• Physical environment
• Genetic endowment
• Prosperity
• Well-being includes health and function, disease, and health care

Concept “Community Oriented Health System” by Rohree (1999) :

• Needs assessment
• System design
• System performance
• Organizational performance assessment

Concept “Seven Patters Health Community” by Norris and Pittman (2000) :

• Healthy Environment
• Vital Economy
• Personal well-being includes mind, body and spirit
• Participation in civil life includes practices ongoing dialogue, Embraces diversity, Shapes its future, Cultivates leadership ever-where, Create a sense of community, Connects people and resources, and Knows itself

Concept “Healthy People ini Healthy Community” by Healthy People (2000) :

• Determinats of health
• Policies and interventions includes social environment, biology, behaviour, physical environment
• Access to quality care
• Health status

Concept “Framework for Health Care System Development” by GRDC (2001) :

• Health Care Policy
• Stable local health care systems includes regional/rural partnership, community participation
• Access to primary care includes health insurance, support services
• Improved health status include monitoring/surveillance of epidemiological data